This document contains a non-working example of the work-in-progress TiNMAN exploratory questions used to help identify the existance of endometriosis.

Important things to be aware of:
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Endometriosis is a chronic gynecological condition where patches of tissue similar to the endometrial tissue, the tissue that lines the inside of the uterus, grow outside the uterus, typically appearing on the pelvic lining, ovaries, uterosacral ligaments, bladder and bowel. These patches, also known as implants, can grow into deep, penetrating nodules or form cysts on the ovaries known as endometriomas that respond to hormonal changes and bleed during menstruation.

This question focuses on symptoms of endometriosis that can be shared with other conditions, in particular
  • severe period pain and abnormally heavy and prolonged or possibly continous menstrual bleeding
  • pain or discomfort internally within the pelvic area during or after sexual intercourse, often triggered by deep thrusting
  • problems with the bladder and urinary control that may or may not align with your menstrual cycle
  • chronic pelvic pain in the lower abdomen or back that may occur even when not menstruating
  • problems with fertility and difficulty conceiving, but only include this in your response choice if it is relevant.
To what extent have you experienced pain or discomfort as a result of symptoms of endometriosis that can be shared with other conditions?


The amount of endometrial tissue does not always correspond to the level of pain experienced by the individual. A small amount can be agonising in one case whilst a large amount can go unnoticed in another and not everyone displays symptoms.

The core symptoms of endometriosis are those that are not typically associated with other conditions. They often worsen just before and during menstruation due to hormonal changes causing inflammation of misplaced endometrial tissue and includeTo what extent have you experienced core symptoms of endometriosis?


Cyclical dyschezia refers to painful bowel movements that occur in a regular monthly pattern, usually worsening in the days leading up to and during menstruation.

Endometriosis on the bowel often affects the lower part of the intestines and tissue can beSymptoms can includeIf the time in your menstrual cycle coincided with the days before and during your period then how would you describe your experience of markedly increased bowel issues?


The symptoms for endometriosis on the bladder vary with the menstrual cycle, tending to be worst in the days before and during a period, and include If the time coincides with your menstrual cycle then how would you describe your experience of bladder issues associated with the days before and during your period?

The phrase “endometriosis fatigue” is used here to describe a constant and potentially debilitating beyond-mild to severe exhaustion, far more extreme than simple tiredness, that worsens pre-menstrual or mid-cycle, often peaking before, during, or shortly after menstruation, or during ovulation.

Caused by chronic inflammation, pain-related sleep disruption, and immune system strain, endometriosis-related fatigue can lead to personality changes and have a profound impact on daily life.

Descriptions of the fatigue includeEndometriosis-related fatigue is often associated with other symptoms including pain, anxiety, stress and irregular bleeding and also often serves as warning sign that a pain flare-up is approaching.

How would you describe the impact of beyond-mild to severe fatigue on your daily functioning and emotional stability?

This question focuses on symptoms of adenomyosis that can be shared with other conditions, in particularTo what extent have you experienced pain or discomfort as a result of symptoms of endometriosis that can be shared with other conditions?

With adenomyosis, the inside of the womb gets thicker and bigger. This is not something that usuallys happen with endometriosis.

To what extent have you experienced core symptoms of adenomyosis?

An adenomyosis belly describes a pronounced bulge in the lower abdomen that is not caused by soft, fat-based abdominal weight but by the enlarged and thickened uterus doubling or tripling in size. It typically presents as a lower abdominal protrusion that can resemble a small pregnancy bump of three to six months but with a measurable increase in abdominal size that feels hard to the touch, sometimes with significant tenderness.

Symptoms of an adenomyosis belly can includeAdenomyosis belly is often at its worst during menstruation when the uterus is engorged with blood.

To what extent have you experienced the symptoms of an adenomyosis belly?

Adenomyosis can trigger severe, labour-like uterine contractions that are often more frequent, intense, and uncoordinated than would typically be expected. These are caused by the endometrial tissue growing into the muscular uterine wall.

Symptoms of uterine contractions associated with adenomyosis includeTo what extent have you experienced symptoms associated with uterine contractions?

Unlike in endometriosis where symptoms are cyclical, constant or unpredictable bowel issues that occur independently of your menstrual cycle can be a feature of irritable bowel syndrome and pelvic floor dysfunction and include How much were you affected by bowel issues that were not linked to your menstrual cycle?

Symptoms on the bladder for bladder pain syndrome, irritable bowel syndrome, pelvic floor dysfunction and uterine fibroids can be constant or unpredictable and not driven by the menstrual cycle, such as How much were you affected by bladder issues that were not linked to your menstrual cycle?

Severe period pain, possibly to the point of interfering with everyday life, can be associated with endometriosis, adenomyosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, and uterine fibroids.

How would you describe your experiences of menstrual pain?

Heavy periods can be associated with endometriosis, adenomyosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, and uterine fibroids.

Symptoms can includeHow would you describe your experiences of heavy bleeding during the menstrual cycle?

Dyspareunia is genital pain during or after sexual intercourse that is felt externally for a woman in her vulva, such as in the labia or at the opening of the vagina.

Deep dyspareunia describes pain or discomfort that a woman experiences internally within pelvic area during or after sexual intercourse, often triggered by deep thrusting. It is distinct from superficial pain and can be linked to endometriosis, irritable bowel syndrome, pelvic inflammatory disease, and uterine fibroids.

How would you describe your experiences of deep internal pain or discomfort within your pelvic area during or after sexual intercourse?

For most women aged thirty-five or under, having regular unprotected sex every two to three days results in pregnancy within one year. After the age of thirty-five fertility declines naturally due to reduced egg quality and quantity.

Within the context of endometriosis and certain other conditions that it can share symptoms with, reasons for difficulty conceiving may includeIf you are trying to conceive then how would you describe your current status?

Bladder pain syndrome, also known as interstitial cystitis, is a condition that causes pain in the lower abdomen or back that leads to a persistant feeling of needing to urinate.

It is possible to have bladder pain syndrome, adenomyosis and/or endometriosis at the same time.

Pain or discomfort that is not cyclical includesBladder pain syndrome can worsen at the time of the menstrual cycle and increases in symptoms can includeTo what extent have you experienced any of the symptoms of bladder pain syndrome?

Irritable bowel syndrome is a chronic functional disorder caused by the gut and brain over-communicating and affecting the digestive system and can be categorised asIt is possible to have irritable bowel syndrome, adenomyosis and/or endometriosis at the same time. However, this question focuses on pain or discomfort you may have experienced as a result of any symptoms that are associated with irritable bowel syndrome, in particularTo what extent have you experienced any of the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome?

Pelvic floor dysfunction is an umbrella term for conditions including pelvic organ prolapse, urinary incontinence and anal incontinence. It describes an inability to properly control, relax, or coordinate pelvic floor muscles and is caused by weakened or injured muscles. Very common in the adult female population, it is typically triggered by childbirth, aging, or surgery.

It is possible to have pelvic floor dysfunction, adenomyosis and/or endometriosis at the same time. However, this question focuses on pain or discomfort you may have experienced as a result of any symptoms that are associated with pelvic floor dysfunction, in particularTo what extent have you experienced any of the symptoms of pelvic floor dysfunction?

Pelvic inflammatory disease is an infection of the upper female reproductive system - the uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries - and can affect any woman with a womb, although not everyone with the disease will have symptoms.

It is possible to have pelvic inflammatory disease, adenomyosis and/or endometriosis at the same time. However, this question focuses on pain or discomfort you may have experienced as a result of any symptoms that are associated with pelvic inflammatory disease, in particularTo what extent have you experienced any of the symptoms of pelvic inflammatory disease?

Polycystic ovary syndrome is a common hormonal disorder affecting reproductive-aged women. A major factor is high insulin levels, which boosts production of androgens, steroid hormones responsible for developing and maintaining masculine characteristics, including testosterone, the primary male sex hormone.

It is possible to have polycystic ovary syndrome, adenomyosis and/or endometriosis at the same time. However, this question focuses on pain or discomfort you may have experienced as a result of any symptoms that are associated with polycystic ovary syndrome, in particularTo what extent have you experienced any of the symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome?

Uterine fibroids are solid non-cancerous muscular tumors that grow in or on the uterus, often during reproductive years and mainly affect women who have not been through the menopause. Not everyone will have symptoms.

It is possible to have uterine fibroids, adenomyosis and/or endometriosis at the same time. However, this question focuses on pain or discomfort you may have experienced as a result of any symptoms that are associated with uterine fibroids, in particularTo what extent have you experienced any of the symptoms of uterine fibroids?

“The self” refers to an individual's concept of identity. It develops over time and is shaped by personal experiences, social interactions, and internal thought processes.

Your self-esteem includes your sense of self-value and how you manage life challenges. Low self-esteem describes a depleted way a person feels about their inner self as a person, for exampleYour self-confidence controls how you see your strengths and weaknesses, how you approach challenges, set goals and how much you believe in your ability to succeed. Low self-confidence describes a lack of trust in personal abilities, capacities, and judgments, for exampleLow self-worth can also incubate negative thoughts about the self or the world that are not always based in reality and can maintain fear or distress, for exampleHow would you rate your combined levels of self-esteem, the overall opinion and feeling you have about yourself as a person, and self-confidence, the level of inner belief you have in your abilities, skills, and judgment?

Psychological injury linked to a chronic and potentially debilitating condition such as endometriosis can lead to a form of learned helplessness, a mindset whereby a woman internalises a feeling of helplessness and hopelessness when she repeatedly encounters anxiety-provoking situations related to her situation that seem insurmountable. It can lead to a significantly lower level of general functioning than she might otherwise be capable of.

Causes can includeConsequences can includeEmotional and cognitive symptoms can includeTo what extent do you think your self-confidence and motivation have become repressed by the accumulated psychological harm of other people's treatment of the pain you live with?

Positive feelings such as affection, hope, interest, joy, love, pride, and serenity are associated with pleasant or desirable states. These emotions can expand our awareness, enhance resilience and foster creativity.

The potentially overwhelming nature of endometriosis can cause a woman to experience a prolonged and greatly reduced ability to feel any sort of emotion in a way sufficient to bring forth from within her a meaningful reaction or response.

Emotional numbing can apply to both positive and negative emotions and symptoms can includeIn terms of episodes of feeling emotionally numb, flat or hollowed out, how would you describe your experiences?

Being alone is the neutral physical state of being by yourself without any other person in proximity. Loneliness is a complex individually experienced and highly personal unpleasant emotional response to imagined or actual isolation and lack of social relationships.

Traumatic aloneness describes a severe form of loneliness, characterised by core emotional wounds that surface and lead to a profound sense of isolation, alienation, and disconnection from other people. It can lead to feelings of being misunderstood, unworthy, or being fundamentally different and can disrupt a person's ability to form secure relationships and trust, regardless of the availability of healthy relationships or willing company.

Symptoms can includeAs time progresses traumatic aloneness can create a deep, lasting psychological imprint that can persist indefinitely.

In terms of episodes of aloneness that included you feeling isolated, alienated, and disconnected from other people, how would you describe your experiences?

Social interaction is a dynamic and unpredictable sequence of social actions between individuals. Difficulty participating in daily activities or maintaining relationships due to pain can lead to profound isolation and emotional detachment and make socialising an isolating experience.

Social anhedonia describes a significant lack of interest in social contact coupled to a reduced ability to derive pleasure from social situations, and symptoms includeSocial fatigue can occur after having engaged in full social interaction, and markers can includeThe feelings of a social interaction “hangover” can range from mild fatigue through to exhaustion and last from a few hours to days after the event has finished.

How would you describe the negative impact of pain linked to your menstrual cycle or lower abdomen on your ability to participate in and enjoy social interaction?

The circadian rhythm controls the cycles your internal body clock repeats about every twenty four hours that tell you when it is time to sleep or wake. Disruption of the circadian rhythm can both worsen and be worsened by inflammation, pain, and hormonal imbalance linked to endometriosis.

Your body tries to synchronise your sleep-wake cycle to cues from the environment, such as seasonally adjusting to when it gets light or dark outside, when you eat, and when you are physically active.

Misalignment canRate the disruption to your sleep cycle of a misaligned or interrupted body clock?

Sleep is a critical component of mental and physical health and disruption can lead to a worsening state of mental and physical wellbeing.

Insomnia can surface throughCommon symptoms includeHow would you describe the impact of disrupted sleep and any resulting tiredness on your daily functioning and emotional stability?

The expression “emotional stability” is used here to define the ability to maintain a calm and balanced emotional state and manage stress and challenges without extreme reactions or mood swings.

Anxiety is the internal emotional and physical state that involves persistent worry and a prolonged, internal feeling of apprehension or dread concerning imminent or imagined future events and can exist without a clear cause.

Symptoms of anxiety can includeSomatic relates to the body and physiological refers to its normal functions, processes, and mechanisms. Somatic anxiety describes the physiological response to cognitive anxiety and symptoms can be single, multiple or varying and range from mild to severe, and can includeHow would you describe the impact of mental anxiety and any consequent anxiety-driven physical stress on your daily functioning and emotional stability?

Being depressed is the normal but temporary feeling of sadness in response to occasional misery or when something goes wrong. It lasts for no more than a few hours or days before a return to relative normality.

Depression is a persistent and severe condition whereby a person suffers from a heavy mental state of sadness and low mood which continues without any meaningful respite for weeks or more and significantly interferes with all aspects of daily life.

Symptoms can includeA person who is predisposed to chronic depression may become increasingly drawn toTo what extent were you affected by a state of low mood, lack of motivation and loss of interest in even the most basic activities?

Psychological injury linked to a chronic and potentially debilitating condition such as endometriosis can lead to a deep, persistent state of low physical and mental energy in response to the body's psychological and physiological resources being overworked for an extended period of time.

Left to continue uninterrupted it can lead to burnout, a state of physical, mental, and emotional exhaustion following an extended episode of severe stress and physiological disruption and markers includeAn overwhelm “hangover” refers to the lingering psychological and physical effects on the body's mental and physical resources and symptoms includeHow would you describe the amount of physical and emotional energy you are able to muster to tackle your everyday with interest, motivation and confidence?

The chronic pain, fertility challenges, and fatigue associated with endometriosis can lead to lower physical, mental, and social functioning and profoundly impact educational and professional achievement and quality of life.

How would you describe your overall quality of life?

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